This paper is concerned with an initial-boundary problem of nonconvex scalar conservation laws with two pieces of constant initial data and constant boundary data. 本文研究具有两段常数的初始值和常数边界值的非凸单个守恒律的初边值问题。
If a scalar field changes slowly, it resembles a constant, both in its fixed magnitude and in its lack of directionality; relativity theory predicts it will produce a gravitational repulsion. 如果纯量场变化缓慢,它就会有固定的大小,而且没有方向性,就像一个常数一样;相对论预测,这种情况会产生重力排斥效应。
When the vacuum expectation value of the scalar field is approximately equal to a constant owing to the spontaneous symmetry breaking, we find a anisotropic de Sitter cosmological solution. The expansion isotropization is automatically obtained by this vacuum inflation. 由于对称性的自发破缺,在标量场的真空期待值近似为常数时,得到各向不同性的DeSitter解,这种真空暴胀将自行导致早期宇宙空间的各向同性化。
Visualization techniques for 3D scalar fields can be used to display constant value surfaces as well as to simulate transmission effect of X-ray. 三维标量场可视化技术不仅可以绘制等值面,而且可以模拟X线的透射效果。
Based on decomposition method of scalar sum Lyapunov function in theory of stability of large scale systems, a quick and practical computer algorithm and its programming frame for the problem of convergence judging on linear constant iterative large-scale systems are given in this paper. 本文利用大系统稳定性理论中的标量和函数分解法,对线性定常迭代大系统收敛性的判定问题,给出了一种快速、实用的计算机算法及其程序设计框图。
Corollary 2.1 Let M be a compact conformally flat space, dim ( M)> 3. If M has constant scalar curvature and positive sectional curvature, then M is of constant curvature space. 推论2.1令M(dimM>3)为紧致共形平坦流形,如果M有常纯量曲率和截曲率,则M是常截曲率空间。
First, the scattering parameters of the cascade network are found by the vector transformation with scalar measurement, then the scattering parameters of the mushy material are derived by two kinds of decomposition method, and its complex dielectric constant is calculated by using the odd-even mode method. 先采用标量检测矢量变换法测出三个网络的散射参数,再用两种分解计算法求得糊状物样品的散射参数,最后用奇偶模法求得复介电常数。